{"id":122325,"date":"2018-09-09T14:47:39","date_gmt":"2018-09-09T12:47:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/explainer-the-role-of-foreign-military-forces-in-niger-the-conversation\/"},"modified":"2018-09-09T14:47:39","modified_gmt":"2018-09-09T12:47:39","slug":"explainer-the-role-of-foreign-military-forces-in-niger-the-conversation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/explainer-the-role-of-foreign-military-forces-in-niger-the-conversation\/","title":{"rendered":"Explainer: the role of foreign military forces in Niger | The Conversation"},"content":{"rendered":"

Explainer: the role of foreign military forces in Niger<\/a>: <\/p>\n

The people of Niger have been protesting against the presence of foreign troops in their country<\/span> Arnaud Roin\/EPA<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Niger is one of the most militarised countries in Africa. In November 2017, this came to wider notice when four American Special Forces soldiers and at least four of their Nigerien counterparts died in an ambush. Since then, the military presence has only intensified. Why are these forces there, whose interests are they serving and are they having the impact that was intended?<\/p>\n

The US is not the only nation with a military presence in Niger. France, Germany, Canada and Italy also have troops in the West African country. <\/p>\n

In April this year, Niger hosted Exercise Flintlock, a military exercise that brought together 1900 troops from more than 20 partner countries. Sponsored by the US, it purported to develop capacity and collaboration among African security forces to protect civilians against violent religious extremism. <\/p>\n

Three main reasons are given for this military presence: countering terrorism, preventing migration of Africans to Europe, and protecting foreign investments.<\/p>\n

Terrorism in the region<\/h2>\n

North Africa\u2019s Sahel region, which includes Niger, hosts a number of Islamic extremist groups. The Sahel has been described as the \u2018new frontier\u2019 in global counter-terrorism operations. The US has a military presence in Mauritania, Senegal, Mali, Burkina Faso, Nigeria and Chad as well as Niger. As far as we know, only Sudan and Eritrea do not host US troops. The Sahel has also hosted \u201ca range of second-tier external actors\u201d including armed forces from the European Union, Israel, Colombia, and Japan.<\/p>\n

America\u2019s involvement in the Sahel has its roots in the post 9\/11 war on terror. In 2003 it set up the Pan-Sahel Initiative, which brought together Chad, Mali, Mauritania and Niger to train military units. In 2004, the initiative was replaced by the Trans-Sahara Counterterrorism Partnership. The expanded partnership includes Algeria, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Morocco, Nigeria, Senegal and Tunisia. Its aim is to address terrorist threats and prevent the spread of violent extremism.<\/p>\n

In 2014, the heads of State of Burkina Faso, Mali, Mauritania, Niger and Chad signed a convention establishing the G5 Sahel, aimed at ensuring \u201cdevelopment and security to improve the population\u2019s quality of life.\u201d <\/p>\n

In 2017 the same heads of state established the Joint Force of the G5 Sahel – a decision sanctioned by both the African Union and the United Nations.<\/p>\n

The purpose of the Joint Force, which is now chaired by Nigerien president Mahamadou Issoufou, is more comprehensive in nature when compared to other joint security operations in the region. In addition to improving security along shared borders, its scope encompasses \u201csoft security\u201d issues. <\/p>\n

The US has provided each member state with military support and pledged $ 60 million in bilateral support to the initiative. <\/p>\n

Strategic importance<\/h2>\n

Niger occupies a central geographical position in the Sahel region. Unfortunately for its citizens, the country is surrounded and affected by instability.<\/p>\n

And then there\u2019s the fact that Niger has historically served as a gateway for migrants between sub-Saharan Africa and North Africa. And recently, it has become a popular transit point for people seeking better opportunities in Europe. Countries like Italy are now deploying troops to Niger to prevent illegal migration. <\/p>\n

Foreign armed forces in Niger train African troops, fly drones, build bases, engage in cross-border raids and collect intelligence.<\/p>\n

The scope of these activities points primarily to countering terrorism and controlling migration. However, Africa\u2019s growing potential for consumption, which explains the expanding economic and trade relations with the continent, offers a further reason for the increasingly diverse foreign military presence in Niger and in the region more broadly.<\/p>\n

A willing host<\/h2>\n

What of Niger\u2019s own interests? Its government has welcomed the presence of foreign troops. President Mahamadou Issoufou is happy to support Washington\u2019s interests in the region as long as the US is willing to mentor and train his armed forces. <\/p>\n

US involvement in Issoufou\u2019s military affairs will help him fulfil his election promise to \u201ccrush Islamist militants.\u201d<\/p>\n

Niger\u2019s cosy relationship with the US is of particular significance given the recently strained relations between America and Niger\u2019s neighbour, Chad. In late 2017, US President Donald Trump added Chad to his travel ban – a move that baffled foreign policy experts and clearly upset the Chadian government. The travel ban has since been lifted. <\/p>\n

The cost of foreign military presence<\/h2>\n

Has the presence of foreign forces in Niger achieved the aims of combating terrorism and stemming migration? And at what cost? Have there been unintended and potentially dangerous consequences?<\/p>\n

There is certainly a view that their presence has had a negative impact on domestic politics in Niger.<\/p>\n

A report published in the months following the deaths of US troops suggests an increasingly oppressive and undemocratic political culture in Niger.<\/p>\n

Civil society and opposition political leaders who offer their testimony in the report argue that the building of foreign military bases in Niger is unconstitutional. They view the foreign military presence in the country and the concurrent securitisation of Niger\u2019s political and civil society arenas as a means to strengthen a government lacking in domestic support. <\/p>\n

Niger\u2019s 2016 elections, which gave Issoufou a second term, were reportedly \u201cplagued by serious irregularities\u201d.<\/p>\n

Niger\u2019s military build-up is also cause for concern in a country where the Forces Arm\u00e9es Nigeriennes is \u201can intensely politicised organisation\u201d with \u201ca distinct distaste for civilian oversight\u201d. Such a force may prove valuable to a president who wishes to entrench his power beyond democratic means. <\/p>\n

This year, citizens took to the streets chanting \u201cFrench, American and German armies, go away!\u201d. Issoufou responded by cracking down on further protests in March. He defended the move by saying it was important to have a \u201cdemocratic but strong\u201d state.<\/p>\n

What the future holds is unclear, particularly given a recent report that Washington is considering withdrawing most of its troops. For those opposing foreign military presence in Niger, this couldn\u2019t happen soon enough.<\/p>\n

\"The <\/p>\n

Craig Bailie does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organisation that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Source:<\/strong> The Conversation \u2013 Articles (AFRICA)<\/a><\/small>
\n<\/p>\n

Read more on The Conversation<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Join the fun:<\/strong> Add Your event<\/a> | Submit a Press Release<\/a> | Add your listing<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Explainer: the role of foreign military forces in Niger: The people of Niger have been protesting against the presence of foreign troops in their country Arnaud Roin\/EPA Niger is one of the most militarised countries in Africa. In November 2017, this came to wider notice when four American Special Forces soldiers and at least four […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[4584],"tags":[8890,10557,11697,7050,978,11971,11676],"class_list":{"0":"post-122325","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-africa-news-2","7":"tag-conversation","8":"tag-explainer","9":"tag-forces","10":"tag-foreign","11":"tag-military","12":"tag-niger","13":"tag-role","14":"entry"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/122325","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=122325"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/122325\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=122325"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=122325"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=122325"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}