{"id":132952,"date":"2019-03-11T18:47:39","date_gmt":"2019-03-11T16:47:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/nigerias-universities-are-performing-poorly-what-can-be-done-about-it-the-conversation\/"},"modified":"2019-03-11T18:47:39","modified_gmt":"2019-03-11T16:47:39","slug":"nigerias-universities-are-performing-poorly-what-can-be-done-about-it-the-conversation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/nigerias-universities-are-performing-poorly-what-can-be-done-about-it-the-conversation\/","title":{"rendered":"Nigeria\u2019s universities are performing poorly. What can be done about it | The Conversation"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a target=\"_blank\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/nigerias-universities-are-performing-poorly-what-can-be-done-about-it-112717\">Nigeria\u2019s universities are performing poorly. What can be done about it<\/a>: <\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/261869\/original\/file-20190304-110107-162s7z1.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=496&amp;fit=clip\" \/><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">In one year alone 380,000 domestic applicants didn&#39;t get a university place in Nigeria.<\/span> <span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Shutterstock<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Why are Nigeria\u2019s universities in such a sorry state? Some would say it had to do with just one word: money. Sadly this is part of the reason. But not entirely.  <\/p>\n<p>Nigeria\u2019s universities have been under-funded for decades. Like a talented but under-achieving football team, fail to achieve goals because the country hasn\u2019t invested enough in their structure, their facilities and their people.<\/p>\n<p>Higher education in Nigeria includes universities (federal, state and private) as well as polytechnics (skills-intensive and experiential learning programmes) and colleges of education. With over 160 universities, 128 polytechnics and 177 colleges of education, it constitutes the largest higher education system in Africa. <\/p>\n<p>My colleague Professor Val Ekechukwu, the  Dean of Engineering at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, and I did a review of Nigeria\u2019s top 12 universities to assess their academic output. This review was undertaken as part of a comparative assessment of Nigerian universities to other emerging global economies (Brazil, Turkey and Thailand). The review hasn\u2019t been published in an academic journal but its contents have been made available to readers interested in the development of tertiary education in Nigeria via news outlets.<\/p>\n<p>We found that the country\u2019s universities lag well behind equivalent emerging global economies like South Africa, Egypt, Thailand, Turkey and Brazil. They also lag behind traditional world leaders. <\/p>\n<p>We sourced the data for our paper from SciVal. This tracks the research performance of over 10,400 research institutions from 230 countries. <\/p>\n<h2>The problems<\/h2>\n<p>Decades of under-funding in universities has had dramatic consequences. These include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\n<p>Nigeria\u2019s university system isn\u2019t big enough. The country\u2019s population is now pushing towards 200 million, over 60% of which is under the age of 25 years. Demand for university places vastly exceeds current capacity. In 2017, 380,000 domestic university applicants didn\u2019t get a university place.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Nigerian universities lack prestige. According to the 2019 Times Higher Education world university rankings, Nigeria has two universities in the world\u2019s top thousand \u2013 Covenant University and the University of Ibadan. This compares to nine from South Africa \u2013 out of a total of 26 in total \u2013 and 11 from Egypt.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>Universities under-perform on research. According to our research, Nigeria\u2019s universities produce only 44% of the \u201cscholarly output\u201d of South Africa and 32% of Egypt. This is despite the fact that Nigeria has nearly four times more universities than Egypt and over six times more than South Africa.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p>The higher education sector loses local talent and fails to replace it. According to UNESCO data, over 60,000 of Nigeria\u2019s brightest students \u2013 equivalent to 375 students for each of our 160 universities \u2013 choose to study abroad. There\u2019s nothing intrinsically wrong with this. The trouble in Nigeria\u2019s case is that it fails to attract the equivalent in foreign students. It becomes a \u201cbrain drain\u201d rather than the \u201cbrain exchange\u201d it could be.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>And yet, the education budget in Nigeria has seen little or no change over the last few years, and government funding of education remains low. In 2018, it was just over 7% of the national budget. This level of funding, as a percentage of the total budget, has remained stagnant since 2009 when it was 7.25%. <\/p>\n<p>A widely-used international indicator to measure the level of investment in research is the Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development. It\u2019s measured as a percentage of the total economic activity in a country or Gross Domestic Product.<\/p>\n<p>The world average is a healthy 1.77%. But African countries lag behind. In South Africa it is 0.76% and in Egypt it\u2019s 0.4%. <\/p>\n<p>Nigeria trails behind even its African equivalents at 0.2%.<\/p>\n<h2>How to fix the problem<\/h2>\n<p>Nigeria is Africa\u2019s biggest economy and most populous country. Why then, when it comes to university education, does it behave more like a backwater than the mainstream it should be? What can be done? <\/p>\n<p>We would argue that improving the outcomes of Nigeria\u2019s universities requires investment, powered by a national strategic vision and matched with good governance.<\/p>\n<p>The Nigerian University Commission has indicated that it intends to increase university capacity by supporting the creation of new private universities. But indications show that the commission hasn\u2019t focused on the level of scholarly output. Quantity is of limited use unless accompanied by quality.<\/p>\n<p>Offering joint faculties or schools between foreign and local institutions would be another way of bringing investment into Nigerian universities. The foreign investment model has led to significant improvements in the quality of education in other countries, for example in Malaysia. <\/p>\n<p>But turning to the international market for investment would require significant policy and governance changes within the Nigerian University Commission.<\/p>\n<p>To improve university research activity, the proposed establishment of the National Research and Innovation Foundation as detailed in the Science, Technology and Innovation Policy of 2011, is now urgently required. An established research and innovation foundation could have responsibility to fund research and development across all subject areas, and monitor its quality.<\/p>\n<p>It\u2019s vital that the strategic vision of the foundation is aligned with the economic objectives of the country. This will ensure the development of strong research in subjects critical to the economy.<\/p>\n<p>Of course, decades of neglect will not be remedied in a year. There are competing demands for government funds, such as in areas from transport infrastructure to health. But there must be a strong political will to improve universities year on year, and make education a long-term priority.<\/p>\n<p>Nigeria has just voted for a new government. Let us hope the new government has a vision for Nigeria\u2019s tertiary education \u2013 a vision that will give a youthful, vibrant Nigeria the universities it deserves.<\/p>\n<p><em>Professor Val Ekechukwu, the  Dean of Engineering at the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, contributed to the research.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/112717\/count.gif\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" \/> <\/p>\n<p class=\"fine-print\"><em><span>David Mba does not work for, consult, own shares in or receive funding from any company or organization that would benefit from this article, and has disclosed no relevant affiliations beyond their academic appointment.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><small><strong>Source:<\/strong> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/nigerias-universities-are-performing-poorly-what-can-be-done-about-it-112717\">The Conversation \u2013 Articles (AFRICA)<\/a><\/small><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>Read more on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Conversation<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Join the fun:<\/strong> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/add-your-event\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Add Your event<\/a> | <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mypr.co.za\/submit\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Submit a Press Release<\/a> | <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/directory\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Add your listing<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nigeria\u2019s universities are performing poorly. What can be done about it: In one year alone 380,000 domestic applicants didn&#39;t get a university place in Nigeria. Shutterstock Why are Nigeria\u2019s universities in such a sorry state? Some would say it had to do with just one word: money. Sadly this is part of the reason. But [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[4584],"tags":[3678,8890,5793,11405,5414,14599,7763],"class_list":{"0":"post-132952","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-africa-news-2","7":"tag-about","8":"tag-conversation","9":"tag-done","10":"tag-nigerias","11":"tag-performing","12":"tag-poorly","13":"tag-universities","14":"entry"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/132952","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=132952"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/132952\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=132952"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=132952"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=132952"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}