{"id":147669,"date":"2019-10-14T14:48:00","date_gmt":"2019-10-14T12:48:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/what-lost-photos-of-blue-notes-say-about-south-africas-jazz-history-the-conversation\/"},"modified":"2019-10-14T14:48:00","modified_gmt":"2019-10-14T12:48:00","slug":"what-lost-photos-of-blue-notes-say-about-south-africas-jazz-history-the-conversation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/what-lost-photos-of-blue-notes-say-about-south-africas-jazz-history-the-conversation\/","title":{"rendered":"What lost photos of Blue Notes say about South Africa&#8217;s jazz history | The Conversation"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a target=\"_blank\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/what-lost-photos-of-blue-notes-say-about-south-africas-jazz-history-125163\">What lost photos of Blue Notes say about South Africa&#8217;s jazz history<\/a>: <\/p>\n<figure><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/296670\/original\/file-20191011-96226-1ehb39z.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=496&amp;fit=clip\" \/><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Mongezi Feza on trumpet at the concert in 1964 that is the source of the rare new photos of The Blue Notes<\/span> <span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Norman Owen-Smith<\/span><\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In 1964 a young South African student and photography enthusiast, Norman Owen-Smith, took his Leica camera along to a jazz concert at the then University of Natal Pietermaritzburg\u2019s Great Hall and captured a series of black and white images of the band, the Blue Notes.<\/p>\n<p>Through the intervention of jazz scholars, these photos have been printed, restored and exhibited, years after the band became iconic.<\/p>\n<p>The story of the Blue Notes is inextricable from apartheid\u2019s exiling of the musical \u2013 specifically jazz \u2013 imagination. Owen-Smith\u2019s photos are a rare and unexpected contribution to a hungry archive for jazz lovers all over the world.<\/p>\n<p>The Blue Notes embody the beauty of South African jazz in the 1960s, and the dynamics of its struggles during and against apartheid. The ensemble began in 1959 after a meeting between two of South Africa\u2019s most revered jazz artists, both of whom died in exile. One was pianist and alto saxophonist Mtutuzeli \u2018Dudu\u2019 Pukwana, the other pianist Chris McGregor. By 1964 the other four members were cemented: Louis Moholo-Moholo on drums \u2013 the only surviving member \u2013 and Nikele \u2018Nick\u2019 Moyake on tenor saxophone, Mongezi Feza on trumpet and Johnny Mbizo Dyani on double bass.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center \">             <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/296672\/original\/file-20191011-96252-1a1l18r.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/296672\/original\/file-20191011-96252-1a1l18r.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/296672\/original\/file-20191011-96252-1a1l18r.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/296672\/original\/file-20191011-96252-1a1l18r.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=400&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/296672\/original\/file-20191011-96252-1a1l18r.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/296672\/original\/file-20191011-96252-1a1l18r.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/296672\/original\/file-20191011-96252-1a1l18r.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=503&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\"><figcaption>               <span class=\"caption\">The Blue Notes in full swing in Pietermaritzburg on the eve of them leaving the country.<\/span>               <span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Norman Owen-Smith<\/span><\/span>             <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Owen-Smith\u2019s joyful, simple photographs allow the ordinary to be extraordinary, showing musical fraternity, passionate performance and a racially mixed band at the height of apartheid, after the clampdown that followed the Sharpeville massacre of 1960. They capture a moment in the band\u2019s history when they were still young \u2013 in their teens and twenties \u2013 and just before they went into exile.<\/p>\n<p>They are a notable addition to a very thin archive. It includes an excerpt from a documentary on jazz in Britain that shows a snippet of the Blue Notes\u2019 performance at the 1964 Antibes Jazz Festival, posted on YouTube by McGregor\u2019s younger brother. The archival footage is owned by French TV, but even scholars of South African jazz based in France have not been able to find it. <\/p>\n<figure>             <iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/aTXq6OH7XbU?wmode=transparent&amp;start=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">The rare video excerpt of the band on YouTube.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>This is the only video excerpt of the Blue Notes I have come across \u2013 even though, as I noted in my doctoral dissertation, they are one of the more thoroughly covered jazz ensembles of the apartheid era. <\/p>\n<p>Other elements of the archive consist of an online data base about the band built by British journalist Mike Fowler. Its source text remains Maxine McGregor\u2019s biography Chris McGregor and the Brotherhood of Breath: My Life with a South African Jazz Pioneer. <\/p>\n<p>Another component is an album called Township Bop that was released in 2002. The compilation was made up of previously unheard material which the band had recorded at the South African Broadcasting Corporation\u2019s Transcription Centre in 1964. <\/p>\n<p>And in 2013, radio station SAfm presented a two-part documentary. In addition, a number of artists have performed and even recorded tributes to the band. <\/p>\n<p>All these contributions \u2013 now including Owen-Smith\u2019s photos \u2013 mark a change of fortune for a group of musicians who played mostly on the live scene. Their recordings tended to go missing for long stretches, as with their 1964 live recording in Durban, Legacy: Live in South Afrika 1964, which was released in 1995. <\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center \">             <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/296678\/original\/file-20191011-96226-10kc2cx.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/296678\/original\/file-20191011-96226-10kc2cx.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=378&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/296678\/original\/file-20191011-96226-10kc2cx.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=378&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/296678\/original\/file-20191011-96226-10kc2cx.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=378&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/296678\/original\/file-20191011-96226-10kc2cx.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=475&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/296678\/original\/file-20191011-96226-10kc2cx.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=475&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/296678\/original\/file-20191011-96226-10kc2cx.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=475&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\"><figcaption>               <span class=\"caption\">Co-founder of the Blue Notes, pianist Chris McGregor.<\/span>               <span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Norman Owen-Smith<\/span><\/span>             <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Memory and healing<\/h2>\n<p>From the late 1950s, many jazz musicians left the country; others were subjected to the alienating practices of the apartheid music industry, which often would book or record them only if they complied with their demands \u2013 what to play, who to play with and how to play it; many stopped playing altogether. These are the provocations of hurt that recur, as if on a loop, each time we engage with South African jazz history. Indeed, some of these commercial imperatives remain \u2013 not just in South Africa and not just related to jazz. Musicians\u2019 lives remain precarious. <\/p>\n<p>Healing, then, surely entails bringing these musicians back. <\/p>\n<p>But how, and to where? Louis Moholo-Moholo is back home in Langa, in Cape Town, and is still playing. But what of Moyake, who died in South Africa? And Dyani, who is buried in South Africa? And Feza, who left the country at the age of 19? McGregor visited the country shortly before his death, but not Pukwana. Healing the open wound caused by exile\u2019s rupture requires physical and creative return.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center \">             <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/296682\/original\/file-20191011-96262-1kcf4po.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/296682\/original\/file-20191011-96262-1kcf4po.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=390&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/296682\/original\/file-20191011-96262-1kcf4po.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=390&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/296682\/original\/file-20191011-96262-1kcf4po.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=390&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/296682\/original\/file-20191011-96262-1kcf4po.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=491&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/296682\/original\/file-20191011-96262-1kcf4po.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=491&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/296682\/original\/file-20191011-96262-1kcf4po.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=491&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\"><figcaption>               <span class=\"caption\">Legendary drummer Louis Moholo-Moholo is the sole surviving member of the band.<\/span>               <span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Norman Owen-Smith<\/span><\/span>             <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Tribute performances, recordings and documentaries are one way, if they do not pander to nostalgia. Teaching and research suggest another way, but only if neither succumb to a process of canonisation that sanitises the complex story of the Blue Notes. After all, exile did not rupture a smooth narrative that, whiggishly, was tending toward some apotheosis of South African jazz. Its effects were far more drastic. <\/p>\n<p>Exile sundered a finely knit network of journalists like Todd Matshikiza, poets like Keorapetse Kgositsile, writers like Es\u2019kia Mphahlele, and artists like Dumile Feni, from the dramatists, broadcasters, audiences and photographers who together made up mid-twentieth century South African jazz cultures. Returning the exiled musical imagination means renewing these connections: not perfectly, but imaginatively. <\/p>\n<h2>Pictures from history<\/h2>\n<p>In the absence of a rich sonic archive, jazz\u2019s visual history is important. <\/p>\n<p>Owen-Smith\u2019s photographs join a body of documentary photography dating back decades.<\/p>\n<p>In Lars Rasmussen\u2019s Cape Town Jazz 1959-1963, Hardy Stockmann\u2019s photographs predominantly depict a non-racial and convivial atmosphere of backstage fraternising, laughter, eating, drinking and smoking, of jam sessions and performances in Cape Town\u2019s legendary jazz clubs, halls and other locations.  <\/p>\n<p>The jazz historian Christopher Ballantine describes Basil Breakey\u2019s photographs:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>Here, in these stark images of loneliness, anguish, resilience, and despair, are many of the most famous members of that fabulously talented young generation that lived through the deepening gloom of the 1960s. Typically, their eyes are closed, or hidden by shades; when they play, the intensity is palpable, but no one appears to be listening; so in the end (the images seem to suggest) they sit alone, their instruments fallen silent.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Jazz scholar Jonathan Eato counters Breakey\u2019s dark representation and Ballantine\u2019s bleak reading. In Keeping Time, he writes:<\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>the musicians in Ian Bruce Huntley\u2019s photographs offer people a brighter world that is touched by colour \u2026 the shades hiding the eyes of musicians do so as a consequence of music sounding under gloriously clear skies. <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<figure class=\"align-center \">             <img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"\" src=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/296683\/original\/file-20191011-96257-1dmtvjp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;fit=clip\" srcset=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/296683\/original\/file-20191011-96257-1dmtvjp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=386&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 600w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/296683\/original\/file-20191011-96257-1dmtvjp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=386&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1200w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/296683\/original\/file-20191011-96257-1dmtvjp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=600&amp;h=386&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 1800w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/296683\/original\/file-20191011-96257-1dmtvjp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=485&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=1 754w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/296683\/original\/file-20191011-96257-1dmtvjp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=30&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=485&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=2 1508w, https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/296683\/original\/file-20191011-96257-1dmtvjp.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=15&amp;auto=format&amp;w=754&amp;h=485&amp;fit=crop&amp;dpr=3 2262w\" sizes=\"(min-width: 1466px) 754px, (max-width: 599px) 100vw, (min-width: 600px) 600px, 237px\"><figcaption>               <span class=\"caption\">The ordinary is extraordinary in the photos, which show music transcending apartheid.<\/span>               <span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Norman Owen-Smith<\/span><\/span>             <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Owen-Smith\u2019s photographs enter these debates in interesting ways. As an historical musicologist, what strikes me is that whereas the photographers I have mentioned aim to capture the jazz ethos of an era, he captures an event in one place: a once-off concert. In so doing, Owen-Smith invites us to consider how photography can help answer Christopher Small\u2019s ever relevant question about \u201cmusicking\u201d: What does it mean when this performance \u2026 takes place at this time, in this place, with these participants?<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/counter.theconversation.com\/content\/125163\/count.gif\" alt=\"The Conversation\" width=\"1\" height=\"1\" \/> <\/p>\n<p class=\"fine-print\"><em><span>Lindelwa Dalamba receives funding from the National Research Foundation (Thuthuka) Grant (#106960). Funding for this project was provided by the Arts Research Africa (ARA) Wits School of Arts Public Humanities Grant, and by NEST: Narrative Enquiry for Social Transformation.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><small><strong>Source:<\/strong> <a target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\" href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\/what-lost-photos-of-blue-notes-say-about-south-africas-jazz-history-125163\">The Conversation \u2013 Articles (AFRICA)<\/a><\/small><br \/>\n<\/p>\n<p>Read more on <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/theconversation.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">The Conversation<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Join the fun:<\/strong> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/add-your-event\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Add Your event<\/a> | <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.mypr.co.za\/submit\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Submit a Press Release<\/a> | <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/directory\/\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Add your listing<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What lost photos of Blue Notes say about South Africa&#8217;s jazz history: Mongezi Feza on trumpet at the concert in 1964 that is the source of the rare new photos of The Blue Notes Norman Owen-Smith In 1964 a young South African student and photography enthusiast, Norman Owen-Smith, took his Leica camera along to a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[4584],"tags":[3678,4635,3589,8890,6376,8304,4713,19918,8282,3576],"class_list":{"0":"post-147669","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","6":"category-africa-news-2","7":"tag-about","8":"tag-africas","9":"tag-blue","10":"tag-conversation","11":"tag-history","12":"tag-jazz","13":"tag-lost","14":"tag-notes","15":"tag-photos","16":"tag-south","17":"entry"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/147669","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=147669"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/147669\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=147669"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=147669"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=147669"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}