{"id":173296,"date":"2020-11-26T01:59:01","date_gmt":"2020-11-25T23:59:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/the-kenyan-film-director-taking-on-the-world-with-positive-stories-of-black-life\/"},"modified":"2020-11-26T01:59:01","modified_gmt":"2020-11-25T23:59:01","slug":"the-kenyan-film-director-taking-on-the-world-with-positive-stories-of-black-life","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/the-kenyan-film-director-taking-on-the-world-with-positive-stories-of-black-life\/","title":{"rendered":"The Kenyan film director taking on the world &#8212; with positive stories of black life"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In a 2017 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ted.com\/talks\/wanuri_kahiu_fun_fierce_and_fantastical_african_art\/up-next?language=en\">TED Talk<\/a>, the Kenyan film <a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/name\/nm1393967\/\">director<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/time.com\/collection\/time-100-next-2019\/5718796\/wanuri-kahiu\/\">Wanuri Kahiu<\/a> shared her mission to make what she called \u201cAfrobubblegum\u201d art. The aim is to contribute to a world where African audiences see themselves reflected in ways that capture a full range of human experiences. To go beyond agenda-driven single stories of war, famine and HIV that have characterised much storytelling about Africa. <\/p>\n<p>Put simply, to tell stories where Africans are \u201cloving and thriving and living \u2026 beautiful, vibrant lives\u201d with the aim of creating among audiences a feeling that African lives are \u201cworthy of more happiness\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>In 2018, Kahiu took Afrobubblegum\u2019s aim and queered it in the form of <a href=\"http:\/\/bigworldcinema.com\/production\/rafiki-2\/\"><em>Rafiki<\/em><\/a>, a vibrant film that tells the story of two young Kenyan women who fall in love. <\/p>\n<p>Same-sex sexual expression is <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/homosexuality-remains-illegal-in-kenya-as-court-rejects-lgbt-petition-112149\">prohibited<\/a> in Kenya. The legal framework continues to deny the possibility of queer existence. In addition, <a href=\"https:\/\/africasacountry.com\/2015\/08\/why-obama-blundered-by-speaking-out-on-lgbtq-rights-in-kenya\">government officials<\/a> as well as religious leaders uphold a discourse of anti-homonationalism \u2013 to exclude queer-identifying people from the imagination of the nation. <em>Rafiki<\/em> was accused of promoting homosexuality and swiftly <a href=\"https:\/\/kfcb.co.ke\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/04\/CEO-STATEMENT-ON-RAFIKI-RESTRICTION-27-4-2018.pdf\">banned<\/a> by the Kenyan Censor Board.<\/p>\n<p>Much of the international media focus has been on <em>Rafiki\u2019s<\/em> ban in terms of the law and <a href=\"https:\/\/globalfreedomofexpression.columbia.edu\/cases\/kahiu-v-mutua\/\">human rights<\/a>. What has received less attention is the fact that, in telling an upbeat story of two women in love, Kahiu successfully achieved in 83 minutes something the Kenyan government remains unwilling to do: include queer Kenyans in the national imagination.<\/p>\n<p>There\u2019s a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.okayafrica.com\/lgbt-african-movies-moonlight-black-gay-identity\/\">growing body<\/a> of African films that tell queer stories, but <em>Rafiki<\/em> is one of the first feature-length films that fully celebrates queer love while also offering a glimpse of a future through the film\u2019s happy, hopeful ending. This, I <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tandfonline.com\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/13696815.2020.1816931\">argue<\/a>, gives the film radical worldmaking potential. And as Kahiu\u2019s star rises, she brings with her a more hopeful narrative for Black life.<\/p>\n<figure> <span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/7M_-ucSaFpU?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><figcaption><span class=\"caption\"><em>Rafiki<\/em> is the first Kenyan film to screen in competition at the Cannes Film Festival.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Queer worldmaking in <em>Rafiki<\/em><br \/>\n<\/h2>\n<p>Queer worldmaking describes the many ways in which heterosexual social structures have been challenged with the aim of creating a more equitable world in which queer people might thrive.<\/p>\n<p>For some years in Kenya, a number of artists, writers and scholars have been engaged in worldmaking processes. Artists such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.irex.org\/people\/neo-musangi\">Neo Musangi<\/a>, for example, whose performance art <a href=\"https:\/\/kauru.co.za\/neo-musangi-kenya-close-featured-artist\/\">challenges<\/a> gender normativity. Writers like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.pri.org\/stories\/2014-02-17\/kenyas-gay-community-comes-out-one-story-time\">Kevin Mwachiro<\/a> and the late <a href=\"https:\/\/africasacountry.com\/2014\/01\/i-am-a-homosexual-mum\/\">Binvavanga Wainaina<\/a> whose writings on their experiences of being gay have effectively, in the words of <a href=\"https:\/\/time.com\/70795\/\">Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie<\/a><\/p>\n<blockquote>\n<p>demystified and humanised homosexuality. <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>Like Kahiu with <em>Rafiki<\/em>, they have created a visual affirmation of queer existence that is often considered an important step in the worldmaking process.<\/p>\n<p>There are several scenes in the film that are particularly significant for the way that Kahiu brings together hope and horizon in the plot and narrative. <\/p>\n<p>In one, the lovers Kena and Ziki are alone on a rooftop discussing their plans for the future. Kahiu weaves together dreamy visuals with lingering glances as the young women gaze both at each other and at the horizon in ways that signal to queer-identifying audiences that there is hope for the future.<\/p>\n<figure class=\"align-center zoomable\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/images.theconversation.com\/files\/368544\/original\/file-20201110-21-1gusxl9.jpg?ixlib=rb-1.1.0&amp;q=45&amp;auto=format&amp;w=1000&amp;fit=clip\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"An urban street scene where two men on a stationary motorbike chat to a young woman standing in front of them and another young woman with pink hair extensions comes down some stairs towards them in the background.\" src=\"http:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/the-kenyan-film-director-taking-on-the-world-with-positive-stories-of-black-life.jpg\"><\/a><figcaption> <span class=\"caption\">Kena chats to friends as Zika approaches &#8211; their paths cross when their fathers become political rivals.<\/span> <span class=\"attribution\"><span class=\"source\">Big World Cinema\/Afrobubblegum<\/span><\/span> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>In another scene I analyse, the lovers are in a park, having fun in a paddleboat on a lake \u2013 showing queer-identifying people occupying public spaces around the neighbourhood. The Kenyan state\u2019s official stance around homosexuality \u2013 that it is <a href=\"http:\/\/www.rci.uct.ac.za\/sites\/default\/files\/image_tool\/images\/429\/feminist_africa_journals\/archive\/02\/standpoints_-_unnatural_and_un-african-_contesting_queer-phobia_by_africagcos_political_leadership.pdf\">\u201cunnatural\u201d and \u201cunAfrican\u201d<\/a> \u2013 together with the continuing criminalisation of queer bodies, makes this scene an important tool for queer visibility. It\u2019s followed by the lover\u2019s first date, in a nightclub. Here queer love and desire take centre stage in terms of visibility as they share their first kiss.<\/p>\n<p>In the film\u2019s final scene we see Kena standing on a hilltop. She\u2019s just received news that Ziki has returned after being sent overseas by her parents as punishment for her lesbianism. In the closing scene, therefore, when we see a hand on Kena\u2019s shoulder, we deduce from the smile on her face that this hand belongs to Ziki. In this way, <em>Rafiki\u2019s<\/em> viewers are left with a glimpse of a happy ending that, to date, remains rare in the global queer film canon. <\/p>\n<p>This, I argue, is truly Afrobubblegum in action.<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p> <em> <strong> Read more: <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/nigerias-queer-literature-offers-a-new-way-of-looking-at-blackness-133649\">Nigeria&#8217;s queer literature offers a new way of looking at blackness<\/a> <\/strong> <\/em>\n<\/p>\n<hr>\n<p>My analysis is not confined to scenes from the film. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thedailybeast.com\/rafiki-kenya-banned-her-film-for-its-corrupt-lesbian-romance-so-she-showed-it-off-to-the-world\">banning<\/a> and later unbanning of <em>Rafiki<\/em> by the Kenyan courts also created a situation where the Afrobubblegum effect could be observed in action.<\/p>\n<h2>Beyond the cinema screen<\/h2>\n<p>Kahiu <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/film\/2019\/apr\/12\/kenyan-director-wanuri-kahiu-rafiki-lesbianism-african-art\">sued<\/a> the Kenyan authorities and won the right to screen <em>Rafiki<\/em> for a period of seven days. This is a prerequisite for eligibility for entry into the best international film category at the Academy Awards. Following the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbc.com\/news\/world-africa-45605758\">lifting<\/a> of the ban, <em>Rafiki<\/em> was shown to <a href=\"https:\/\/mg.co.za\/article\/2018-10-03-banned-kenyan-film-rafiki-film-tops-kenyas-box-office-in-limited-screening-run\/\">packed<\/a> cinemas in the Kenyan cities Nairobi, Mombasa and Kisumu.<\/p>\n<p>I gathered data from media coverage of the screenings. A good deal of this was from interviews with queer cinema-goers who had gone to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.npr.org\/sections\/goatsandsoda\/2018\/09\/28\/652302785\/rafiki-the-lesbian-love-story-that-kenya-banned-and-then-unbanned\">watch<\/a>.<\/p>\n<figure> <span class=\"embed-youtube\" style=\"text-align:center; display: block;\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"youtube-player\" width=\"440\" height=\"260\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/a_avBsX60-s?version=3&#038;rel=1&#038;showsearch=0&#038;showinfo=1&#038;iv_load_policy=1&#038;fs=1&#038;hl=en-US&#038;autohide=2&#038;wmode=transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" style=\"border:0;\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-popups allow-presentation allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\"><\/iframe><\/span><figcaption><span class=\"caption\">Director Wanuri Kahiu\u2019s talk introducing Afrobubblegum as a creative vision.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>A pattern emerged of queer viewers describing their excitement at seeing themselves reflected on the screen positively. But beyond this, they described how, by the very act of attending the screenings, they felt a sense of community, friendship and belonging in a state where they are commonly excluded from the national conversation. <\/p>\n<p>Nor does the worldmaking potential of <em>Rafiki<\/em> and its director end there. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.indiewire.com\/2019\/04\/rafiki-interview-wanuri-kahiu-afrobubblegum-1202127697\/\">success<\/a> of <em>Rafiki<\/em> has helped Kahiu <a href=\"https:\/\/www.hollywoodreporter.com\/heat-vision\/disney-tackling-adaptation-broadway-musical-once-island-1305121\">land<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/deadline.com\/2020\/10\/on-the-come-up-wanuri-kahiu-set-to-direct-feature-based-on-the-hate-u-give-author-angie-thomas-book-1234599674\/\">projects<\/a> in the US, where she is set to <a href=\"https:\/\/deadline.com\/2020\/01\/the-black-kids-movie-wanuri-kahiu-director-gotham-group-1202843336\/\">direct<\/a> an adaptation of Christina Hammond Reed\u2019s novel <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.simonandschuster.com\/books\/The-Black-Kids\/Christina-Hammonds-Reed\/9781534462724\">The Black Kids<\/a><\/em>. She is also <a href=\"https:\/\/shadowandact.com\/wild-seed-viola-davis-developing-adaptation-of-octavia-butler-novel-at-amazon-scripted-by-nnedi-okorafor-and-wanuri-kahiu\">adapting<\/a> Octavia Butler\u2019s book <em>Wild<\/em> <em>Seed<\/em> into a film. <\/p>\n<p>In this way, her aim to tell positive stories about African and Black lives continues to inspire hope in audiences. Her work is particularly inspirational to African, African American and Black women.<\/p>\n<p> <a href=\"https:\/\/theconversation.com\/africa\/\">Source: The Conversation<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In a 2017 TED Talk, the Kenyan film director Wanuri Kahiu shared her mission to make what she called \u201cAfrobubblegum\u201d art. The aim is to contribute to a world where African audiences see themselves reflected in ways that capture a full range of human experiences. To go beyond agenda-driven single stories of war, famine and [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":173297,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[4584],"tags":[3257],"class_list":{"0":"post-173296","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-africa-news-2","8":"tag-mypr","9":"entry"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/11\/the-kenyan-film-director-taking-on-the-world-with-positive-stories-of-black-life-scaled.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/173296","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=173296"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/173296\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/173297"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=173296"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=173296"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=173296"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}