{"id":189293,"date":"2021-05-18T17:53:06","date_gmt":"2021-05-18T15:53:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/fixing-local-government-in-south-africa-needs-political-solutions-not-technical-ones\/"},"modified":"2021-05-18T17:53:06","modified_gmt":"2021-05-18T15:53:06","slug":"fixing-local-government-in-south-africa-needs-political-solutions-not-technical-ones","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/fixing-local-government-in-south-africa-needs-political-solutions-not-technical-ones\/","title":{"rendered":"Fixing local government in South Africa needs political solutions, not technical ones"},"content":{"rendered":"

South Africa\u2019s governing African National Congress (ANC) has long been good at diagnosing its problems<\/a>, but not much good at fixing them. Its own documents have been accurately describing its problems for two decades \u2013 factionalism and corruption, which are often mentioned by its detractors, have been discussed in its reports and strategy documents since the 1990s<\/a>. But knowing what the problems are does not seem to help it to solve them.<\/p>\n

The newest example of this ability to identify problems is a comment by deputy finance minister David Masondo<\/a>. He told an ANC MP who asked him why local government was not working and was getting worse that the key was \u201csorting out\u201d politics in local government<\/a>: <\/p>\n

\n

We can change rules and regulations but as long as we don\u2019t tackle the issue of political leadership at a local government level we will continue to have many of these problems.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

Local government needed \u201cdevelopmental political leadership\u201d which would be better able to work with business and national government to promote economic development. This leadership would also appoint competent officials.<\/p>\n

South Africa has three \u201cspheres\u201d or levels of government \u2013 national, provincial and local. While all three are often accused of corruption and incompetence, local government is commonly identified as the worst. Councils are frequently accused of being unable or unwilling to provide residents with adequate services (seemingly because many councillors are only interested in self-enrichment rather than public service<\/a>). <\/p>\n

Studies have shown that Masondo\u2019s diagnosis that the problem is political is accurate<\/a>. His comment also sheds light on government in South Africa. From the early 1990s, the country\u2019s elites have shown a strong taste for technical solutions to political problems. They assume that if a law is changed or a policy is adopted which says that government should work better, it will.<\/p>\n

The latest fad is that changing the electoral system will mean more accountable government<\/a>, despite the fact that the system to which most of the faddists want to change \u2013 in which there would be both proportional representation and the election of representatives in voting districts \u2013 already operates<\/a> in the same local government which everyone agrees is not working<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Local government has seen its fair share of legal solutions and other technical fixes \u2013 the favourite right now is the district development model<\/a>, often mentioned as a solution by President Cyril Ramaphosa.<\/p>\n

Officially, this allows municipalities to draw on help from national and provincial government \u2013 some in government no doubt hope that what it really means is that they will tell local government what to do. But even if they do help rather than instruct, this assumes that the cure for local government\u2019s ills is technical, that municipalities need help on how to perform management tasks. In reality, the problem is political.<\/p>\n

Good diagnosis, bad remedy<\/h2>\n

South African local government is deeply unpopular \u2013 it has been the target of protest<\/a> in the townships<\/a> (black residential areas) and shack settlements for years. While it is fashionable to say that the problem is poor \u201cservice delivery\u201d<\/a>, which means that local government is not good at technical tasks, the real reason is that people believe, accurately, that mayors or councillors do not hear them and so have no idea what they need<\/a>.<\/p>\n

So, Masondo does know what the problem is. His solution is less clear. What are \u201cdevelopmental\u201d political leaders? Since he also heads the ANC\u2019s political school<\/a>, he may believe that they are produced by careful selection and training. This would not be the first time the ANC believed it needed a \u201cbetter\u201d sort of candidate. Former president Thabo Mbeki still argues<\/a>, as he did when he was president, that the ANC reserved its best people for national and provincial government and sent only the third best to local government. ANC elections head Fikile Mbalula wanted to ensure that only people with \u201cimpeccable credentials\u201d<\/a> were chosen.<\/p>\n

\"A
Deputy finance minister David Masondo.<\/span> GCIS<\/span><\/span> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

But who is \u201cdevelopmental\u201d or who has the right character are matters of opinion. Who would decide who the \u201cright\u201d people are and why is their judgement better than anyone else\u2019s? Nor do qualifications necessarily make anyone a better representative \u2013 what is needed is not a degree but a willingness to listen to people and to serve them.<\/p>\n

This approach also misunderstands why local councillors often don\u2019t care what their voters think. The reason is not that people have not taken the right courses. It is that, in an economy from whose benefits many are excluded, politics is a route into the middle class<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Since some parties are reelected in suburbs (mainly white and wealthier) and townships whatever their councillors do, keeping your seat \u2013 and so staying in the middle class \u2013 depends on impressing not voters but the power holders who decide who the candidates are. None of this will be changed by introducing character tests or requiring qualifications.<\/p>\n

Even if training or selecting a new set of leaders is not what Masondo has in mind, he does insist that it is the type of person who becomes a councillor which matters. But local government lacks popular support because of deep-seated realities which will remain no matter what type of candidates are selected.<\/p>\n

Fixing the problem<\/h2>\n

The problem is not that the wrong people are being chosen. It is that the wrong people are doing the choosing \u2013 not only of candidates but of what they do if elected. While the ANC talks of ensuring that \u201ccommunities\u201d choose candidates, the process is dominated by elites who decide who should be chosen and what they should do if they win.<\/p>\n

For example, the law provides for ward committees<\/a> which are meant to enable \u201ccommunity members\u201d to tell the councillor what they want. But the committees usually comprise politically connected people because members are not chosen in direct elections. Either they are elected at meetings which only activists attend or are simply selected. <\/p>\n

This further strengthens pressure for councillors to take their cue from elites rather than voters.<\/p>\n

If the politics is really to change, local voters must gain far more control over councillors. In the suburbs, where people can hold councillors to account, they usually choose not to. In townships and shack settlements, people often can\u2019t do this because the elites have much more power than them.<\/p>\n

Not much can be done about this in the suburbs (people can\u2019t be forced to hold councillors to account if they don\u2019t want to), but much could be done elsewhere to change a power balance which always dooms most voters to putting up with councillors who don\u2019t serve them. If that began to happen, the deep-seated realities would ensure that many councillors would still see office as a ticket into the middle class. But keeping hold of the ticket would depend on impressing voters, not party elites.<\/p>\n

This point goes beyond local government. South Africa\u2019s politics divides<\/a> the political world into \u201cgood people\u201d who are the solution and \u201cbad people\u201d who are the problem. Local government is not the only area in which this hides the real problem: a power balance which ensures that most citizens have little control over the governments they elect.<\/p>\n

Source: The Conversation<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

South Africa\u2019s governing African National Congress (ANC) has long been good at diagnosing its problems, but not much good at fixing them. Its own documents have been accurately describing its problems for two decades \u2013 factionalism and corruption, which are often mentioned by its detractors, have been discussed in its reports and strategy documents since […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":189294,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[4584],"tags":[3257],"class_list":{"0":"post-189293","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-africa-news-2","8":"tag-mypr","9":"entry"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/05\/fixing-local-government-in-south-africa-needs-political-solutions-not-technical-ones.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/189293","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=189293"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/189293\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/189294"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=189293"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=189293"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=189293"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}