{"id":208789,"date":"2021-11-17T18:22:32","date_gmt":"2021-11-17T16:22:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/france-wants-to-fix-its-relations-with-africa-but-its-going-about-it-the-wrong-way\/"},"modified":"2021-11-17T18:22:32","modified_gmt":"2021-11-17T16:22:32","slug":"france-wants-to-fix-its-relations-with-africa-but-its-going-about-it-the-wrong-way","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/france-wants-to-fix-its-relations-with-africa-but-its-going-about-it-the-wrong-way\/","title":{"rendered":"France wants to fix its relations with Africa. But it’s going about it the wrong way"},"content":{"rendered":"

French President Emmanuel Macron has committed himself to remaking the country\u2019s relationship with Africa. In 2017, six months after his inauguration, he visited the University of Ouagadougou, in Burkina Faso, where he gave a speech<\/a> announcing a new French policy that focused on African youth. <\/p>\n

He wanted to forge a new connection with Francophone and Anglophone Africa while also acknowledging the traumas that French colonialism had caused. The Algerian War<\/a> of independence from France between 1954 and 1962, for instance, is still an open wound to many in Africa.<\/p>\n

Macron followed his visit four years later with a key event showcasing the new direction of Afro-French relations. He hosted the New France-Africa Summit<\/a> in Montpellier, in October 8, 2021. <\/p>\n

Civil society representatives from France and Africa met to discuss topics such as \u2018citizen engagement and democracy\u2019 and \u2018doing business and innovating\u2019<\/a>. The summit was organised with the help of Cameroonian intellectual and philosopher Achille Mbembe<\/a>, who was also asked to write a report<\/a> on the French-African relationship. The summit was billed to be \u2018radically different<\/a>\u2019.<\/p>\n

Rather than having heads of state in attendance, young people debated one another<\/a>. <\/p>\n

In one roundtable discussion, young African entrepreneurs accused Macron of perpetuating French neo-colonial policies<\/a> in Africa. They cited France\u2019s support for Mahamat Idriss D\u00e9by<\/a>, the new leader of Chad.<\/p>\n

This criticism of Macron\u2019s approach is particularly painful for the French foreign affairs ministry because the event was meant to move France away from Fran\u00e7afrique<\/a>, the approach to France\u2019s sphere of influence in Africa built on personal alliances with African strongmen<\/a>. <\/p>\n

This form of realpolitik was started under President Charles De Gaulle<\/a> (1959-1969) and reached an apex under Georges Pompidou Mitterrand<\/a> (1969-1974). Jacques Foccart<\/a>, who was secretary-general for African and Malagasy Affairs under both presidents – became the point man of both presidents. Known as \u201cMonsieur Afrique\u201d<\/a>, he is considered to have been the mastermind behind several African coups.<\/p>\n

Return to the past<\/h2>\n

As my own research<\/a> shows, Macron\u2019s new approach \u2013 focusing on cultural diplomacy \u2013 is nothing new. It was tried in the 1950s without success. <\/p>\n

A good outcome also seems unlikely this time around. That is because it is out of kilter with the worldview of Africans – a world made up of imperialists and anti-colonialists, where the need for the fundamental decolonisation<\/a> of society is constantly highlighted.<\/p>\n

Macron\u2019s plan also fails to acknowledge the injustices of an unequal economic system dominated by the global North at the expense of the South. In his view, addressing the \u2018aspirations of young people<\/a>\u2019 in Africa will improve international relations.<\/p>\n

In line with this, France\u2019s Africa strategy of the 1950s, which was built upon cultural diplomacy<\/a> \u2013 an exchange of ideas, values, traditions and other aspects of culture \u2013 is being revived. <\/p>\n

After 1945, African trade unionists and other members of civil society began making political claims and called for a new relationship with Paris. Madagascar<\/a> was in the grips of a violent nationalist revolt against France between 1947 and 1948. Dakar, the capital of Senegal, became the epicentre of anti-colonial activism as trade unions became more political, as shown by the general strike<\/a> of 1946.<\/p>\n

In response, French magazines such as Paris-Match<\/a> and Bingo<\/a> were offered in the cultural centres of French West Africa. It was part of a plan to spread French culture as a ladder to modernity and a higher societal position for Africans. <\/p>\n

What was called modernisation in the 1950s is today being re-branded by Macron as entrepreneurship. An example of this is the establishment of ‘Digital Africa\u2019<\/a>, an initiative set up by de Agence fran\u00e7aise de d\u00e9veloppement<\/a> to help tech startups in Francophone Africa.<\/p>\n

Old recipe<\/h2>\n

The French leader\u2019s willingness to venture beyond French speaking Africa as well as his reliance on an African intellectual (Mbembe) to sell his visions is also an old recipe. <\/p>\n

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Caption to follow.<\/span> <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

In October 1955, L\u00e9opold Senghor<\/a>, president of Senegal between 1960 and 1980 and in the mid-1950s the minister responsible for international cultural matters in the French government of Edgar Faure<\/a>, travelled to Lagos in Nigeria. The trip by one of the main intellectuals of N\u00e9gritude<\/a>, a literary movement, was meant to reinvigorate the link between French and African cultures.<\/p>\n

Senghor considered N\u00e9gritude a means to jump-start modernisation. French language<\/a> education in particular was important since it facilitated the study of science, and increased the social mobility of lower classes. They would, like the elites, be able to familiarise themselves with France, which was in Senghor\u2019s definition<\/a>, a place of innovation an imagination.<\/p>\n

By teaching more Africans French, more social classes would have access to all the science France had on offer. Senghor in effect turned N\u00e9gritude \u2013 a way to reaffirm \u2018black\u2019 values, art and culture, with an emphasis on the French-African language and poetry \u2013 into an instrument of development. Like Senghor<\/a>, Mbembe has also been criticised<\/a> by African intellectuals.<\/p>\n

By the end of the 1950s, French cultural diplomats even believed they had something valuable to offer and they expected diplomatic support in exchange for cultural products. Therefore, institutions such as universities, cultural centres and language schools in places like Dakar and Accra had to be renovated. French books had to create an appetite for the French language by focusing on scientific, technical and medical knowledge.<\/p>\n

By foregrounding the services that France could offer, the French foreign ministry wanted to avoid hurting African nationalistic pride which was at a high point as 1960, the year<\/a> when 17 countries became independent, was approaching. Macron\u2019s efforts at giving Africa tangible benefits, a bridge loan for Sudan<\/a> for instance, is a throwback to that era. <\/p>\n

Why Macron\u2019s plan will fail<\/h2>\n

Why is Macron emulating old strategies?<\/p>\n

A big part of the answer can be found in the fact that the international circumstances today are very similar to the post-World War II decade when the Soviets, the Americans, the British and other African nationalists were all locked in a competition to win the hearts and minds<\/a> of French Africa.<\/p>\n

Africa\u2019s economic growth and expanding political influence since 2000 have attracted external partners keen on building relations with the continent. Russia, China, Turkey, Japan, India, the United Kingdom and France have all held regular summits with African states. <\/p>\n

A cynical policy of weapon shipments and business deals would simply be ineffective in such an environment where Africans are self-confident as a result of the economic improvements<\/a> of the past decade. Therefore, Macron\u2019s cultural strategy that targets civil society seems logical. <\/p>\n

But, it will remain ineffective if it does not acknowledge that many members of the African civil society do not appreciate French interference. The testy interaction during the roundtable at Montpellier<\/a> suggests as much. <\/p>\n

It is, therefore, doubtful that the French return to the cultural diplomacy strategy of the 1950s and 1960s will yield very different results. As long as leaders like Macron do not fully grasp the distaste for French interventions in African affairs, no amount of cultural products or young people will improve the Afro-French relationship.<\/p>\n

Source: The Conversation<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

French President Emmanuel Macron has committed himself to remaking the country\u2019s relationship with Africa. In 2017, six months after his inauguration, he visited the University of Ouagadougou, in Burkina Faso, where he gave a speech announcing a new French policy that focused on African youth. He wanted to forge a new connection with Francophone and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":208790,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[4584],"tags":[3257],"class_list":{"0":"post-208789","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-africa-news-2","8":"tag-mypr","9":"entry"},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/france-wants-to-fix-its-relations-with-africa-but-its-going-about-it-the-wrong-way-scaled.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/208789","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=208789"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/208789\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/208790"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=208789"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=208789"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.myza.co.za\/press\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=208789"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}